Του Γιώργου Λεκάκη
Στην Ευρώπη πασσαλόπηκτοι οικισμοί
αξιόπιστα χρονολογημένοι στην Πρώιμη Νεολιθική εποχή (6η χιλιετία
π.Χ) είναι οι:
- La Marmotta, περίπου: 5700 - 5300
π.Χ. στην λίμνη Bracciano, Ιταλία,
- Δισπηλιό, περίπου: 5400 - 3500
π.Χ. Λίμνη Ορεστιάς, Καστοριά, Μακεδονία, Ελλάδα, και
- La Draga, περίπου: 5300 - 4900
π.Χ. Λίμνη Banyoles, Ισπανία.
Ερευνητές βρήκαν ίχνη των
ίδιων ειδών φυτών σε πασσαλώδεις κατοικίες της νεολιθικής εποχής στο νησάκι της Παρθένου / Isolino di
Virginia, ένα τεχνητό νησί στη λίμνη Βαρέζε της βόρειας Ιταλίας και πασσαλόπητκους
οικισμούς στην βόρεια και κεντρική Ελβετία.
 |
| Archaeological research at Isolino Virginia. a) View of the island from the east (Photo: R. Soteras), b) superimposed wooden floors in the centre of the island uncovered in the 1950s by M. Bertolone (Photo: M. Bertolone); c) wood remains in the north-eastern lake shores during the excavations of Dr. D. Banchieri in 2005–6 (Photo: D.G. Banchieri); d) detail of the transition between lake marl deposits and the first archaeological layer (Photo: R. Soteras); e) wooden piles under water observed during prospections by M. Mainberger in the years 2012–3 and 2015 (Photo: P. Alemani); f) From left to right: Hordeum vulgare var. nudum grain (ISVA18_US304), Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum grain (ISVA18_US310), Hordeum vulgare var. nudum rachis dated within this project (ISVA18_C1276_1_3) (Photos: R. Soteras); g) core 1268.1 with different organic layers obtained during fieldwork within the AgriChange Project in 2018 (Photo: R. Soteras). |
Η χρονολόγηση των
υπολειμμάτων του φυτού με ραδιενεργό άνθρακα, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του σκληρού
σίτου, του κριθαριού, της παπαρούνας οπίου και του λιναριού, δείχνει ότι τα
σπίτια που χτίστηκαν σε πασσάλους στο Isolino di Virginia κατοικήθηκαν ήδη από
το 4950 έως το 4700 π.Χ.
Ωστόσο, η γεωργία στην βόρεια Ιταλία πριν από περίπου 7.000 χρόνια συνήθως περιελάμβανε την καλλιέργεια αποφλοιωμένων δημητριακών, όπως το σιτάρι.
ΠΗΓΗ: F. Antolín et.al. «Neolithic occupations (c. 5200 - 3400 cal BC) at Isolino Virginia (Lake Varese, Italy) andthe onset of the pile-dwelling phenomenon around the Alps», στο Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Volume 42, April 2022, 103375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103375
Abstract
The origin of the pile dwellings in the circumalpine area is still
debated.
The lake village of Isolino Virginia dates to ca. 4950–3500 BCE.
Isolino groups had regular contacts with the Valais and Ticino areas.
Archaeobotanical data connect Isolino to the first Swiss pile dwellings.
Isolino could have sparked the spread of pile dwellings around the Alps.
Neolithic pile dwelling sites are known particularly well North of the Alps, with a boom starting from ca. 4300 cal BC. These sites are famous for the excellent preservation conditions of organic material (wooden tools, textiles, fruit remains and foodstuffs have been preserved in many of them), but their origin is still unclear. In Europe, only three reliably-dated settlements of this type are documented in the Early Neolithic: La Marmotta ca. 5700–5300 cal BC (Lake Bracciano, Italy), Dispilio ca. 5400–3500 cal BC (Lake Orestias, Greece) and La Draga ca. 5300–4900 cal BC (Lake Banyoles, Spain). New interventions within the framework of the AgriChange project have made it possible to expand and improve the knowledge on the dynamics of occupation at Isolino Virginia ca. 5200–3400 cal BC (Lake Varese, Italy), the earliest known pile-dwelling site around the Alps. Our results suggest that this site could have been the spark of the pile-dwelling phenomenon in the area.
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