Του Γιώργου Λεκάκη
Η ανάλυση ισοτόπων
ψευδαργύρου του σμάλτου ενός δοντιού του Νεάντερταλ, άνω των 50.000 χρόνων, που
ανακτήθηκε από την τοποθεσία Gabasa, στην βόρεια Ισπανία, δείχνει ότι το άτομο
ήταν κρεατοφάγο.
Η μελέτη υποδηλώνει περαιτέρω
ότι αυτός ο Νεάντερταλ πιθανότατα δεν κατανάλωσε το αίμα του θηράματός του. Αλλά
τα σπασμένα οστά στο σημείο, σε συνδυασμό με τα ισοτοπικά δεδομένα από το
δόντι, δείχνουν ότι ο Νεάντερταλ κατανάλωνε μυελό των οστών.
Οι ερευνητές σχεδιάζουν να
συνεχίσουν να δοκιμάζουν αυτήν την νέα μέθοδο σε επί πλέον υπολείμματα
Νεάντερταλ, που ανακτήθηκαν από άλλες τοποθεσίες.
ΠΗΓΗ: Kl. Jaouen «A Neandertal dietary conundrum: Insights provided by tooth enamel Zn isotopes from Gabasa, Spain», 119 (43) e2109315119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109315119 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America / PNAS, 17.10.2022. «Les Néandertaliens semblent avoir été des carnivores», Εθνικό Κέντρο Επιστημονικών Ερευνών της Γαλλίας, 17.10.2022. ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ, 18.10.2022.
Abstract
Neandertals’ diets are a topic of continued debate, especially since
their disappearance has been frequently attributed to their subsistence
strategy. There is no clear consensus on how variable their diets were in time
and space. Isotope studies have helped quantify meat consumption in
Neandertals, but usually rely on nitrogen isotope analyses of collagen, a
protein rarely preserved in samples older than 50 ka. Moreover, collagen
extraction for isotope analyses is rarely successful in Iberian skeletal material.
Here, we employ zinc isotope analysis of dental enamel of a Neandertal and
associated fauna (Gabasa, Spain), which can be applied to contexts > 50 ka.
This proxy confirms a high level of carnivory in an Iberian Neandertal.
The characterization of Neandertals’ diets has mostly relied on nitrogen
isotope analyses of bone and tooth collagen. However, few nitrogen isotope data
have been recovered from bones or teeth from Iberia due to poor collagen
preservation at Paleolithic sites in the region. Zinc isotopes have been shown
to be a reliable method for reconstructing trophic levels in the absence of
organic matter preservation. Here, we present the results of zinc (Zn),
strontium (Sr), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) isotope and trace element ratio analysis
measured in dental enamel on a Pleistocene food web in Gabasa, Spain, to
characterize the diet and ecology of a Middle Paleolithic Neandertal
individual. Based on the extremely low δ66Zn value observed
in the Neandertal’s tooth enamel, our results support the interpretation of
Neandertals as carnivores as already suggested by δ15N isotope values of specimens from other regions.
Further work could help identify if such isotopic peculiarities (lowest δ66Zn and highest δ15N of the food
web) are due to a metabolic and/or dietary specificity of the Neandertals.
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